IL6 and viral infectious disease: Conversely, the 3D microphysiological system platform model recently demonstrated that the expression of ACE2 in ECs is stimulated by shear stress, and in this context, ECs are not only more susceptible to viral infection but also secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 along with coagulation factors to activate downstream, non-infected ECs, providing an amplification mechanism for inflammation and coagulopathy [34].