INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), which contains a mixture of polyphenols with antioxidant properties, has several potentially beneficial effects, such as reducing food and energy intake, reducing body adiposity, improving insulin sensitivity, enhancing insulin receptor and AKT phosphorylation, reducing NF-κB p65 phosphorylation in retroperitoneal adipose tissue of obese rats, and reducing weight gain in models of obesity induced by diet and ovariectomy [137,138,139].