DHODH and hepatocellular carcinoma: To further elucidate the mechanism through which ginsenoside RK1 promotes ferroptosis by influencing key components of the ferroptosis defense axis, we assessed the mRNA expression levels of GCH1, DHODH, GPX4, and FSP1 in HepG2 and Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cells following ginsenoside RK1 stimulation using RT-qPCR technology.