For example, Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) is a stress-activated transcription factor that is induced in response to a broad range of stress stimuli [92,93] and is upregulated in different ZIKV-infected cell types [46,65,87,94] To date however, the transcriptional control of ATF3 in response to viral infection is largely unknown. Here, ATF3 is linked to viral infectious disease.