TNF and infection: C. pneumoniae induces NFκB activation in human epithelial cells and human mononuclear cell lines Mono Mac 6, and the use of NFκB nuclear translocation inhibitors (CAPE) and siRNA-mediated depletion of the P65 subunit of NFκB can increase the sensitivity of infectious cells to TNFα/CHX- and STS-induced apoptosis [98], suggesting that NFκB activation during infection is crucial for host cell survival; as such, inhibiting it induced apoptosis in these cells [99,100].