INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: These plants are used to treat infectious diarrhea, inflammation, T2DM, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity [32], and have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and stimulate glucose uptake through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) [33] and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway, making them promising agents for treating metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk associated with obesity [23,34].