Nine of the FANC genes encode components of a ubiquitin ligase complex, known as “upstream genes,” which activate “downstream genes” that encode tumor suppressor proteins, such as BRCA1 (BRCA1 DNA repair associated), BRCA2, BRIP1 (BRCA1 interacting helicase 1) and PALB2 (partner and localizer of BRCA2) [31]. The gene discussed is BRCA1; the disease is neoplasm.