UGT1A1 and cancer: Therefore, in our opinion, further research should focus on the following: (1) identifying food compounds that could regulate bilirubin levels in individuals with GS by influencing the expression of the hepatic UGT enzyme gene; (2) determining whether UGT1A1 variations other than the TA duplication in the promoter region can affect total bilirubin levels in blood; (3) investigating other types of food that may influence the conjugation of carcinogenic factors in individuals with the UGT1A1*28 7/7 genotype, aiming to reduce the risk of cancer development.