Shao et al. reported that AD patients’ microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles increased neuroinflammation and hyperphosphorylated tau levels in the cortex and hippocampus of treated mice, as well as caused a significant cognitive decline measured in several behavioral tests in examined animals, compared to mice treated with vesicles isolated from healthy individuals or a vehicle control [194]. This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and Mental deterioration.