TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: In Sweden, several years earlier, Askling et al. (2008) observed a relative risk of 1.35 (95% CI: 0.82–2.11) for lymphoma in patients with RA treated with anti-TNF-α versus ones naïve to anti-TNF-α, with a higher risk than the general population (RR = 2.72; 95% CI: 1.82–4.08) [25].