PTEN and tuberous sclerosis: Among the genes involved in the occurrence of hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinomas, it is worth mentioning ARID1A, KDM5C, PBRM1, SDH, and STED2, and in the occurrence of hereditary non-clear cell carcinomas the genes, FLCN (Birt–Hogg–Dube disease), PTEN (Cowden syndrome), and TSC (tuberous sclerosis) [30,31,32].