INS and Hyperglycemia: These include HbA1c, OGTT (1 h and 2 h post-load glucose), Time in Range, glucose variation, hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, postprandial glucose, insulin responses, C-reactive protein, glucagon, other insulin resistance indexes (ISI, OGIS, MCR, Matsuda) and hyperglycemic as well as euglycemic clamps to assess beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity respectively;