Given this context, our study aims to investigate the potential association between MMP-2 rs243865 (C-1306T), rs2285053 (C-735T), and MMP-9 rs3918242 (C-1562T) genotypes and the risk of developing UTUC in a Taiwanese cohort of 218 UTUC patients and 580 healthy controls. Here, MMP9 is linked to renal pelvis/ureter urothelial carcinoma.