TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: To investigate the underlying mechanisms of the preventive effect of GFP on skeletal muscle atrophy, we measured the levels of TNF-α, NF-κB p65, FBXO32, and TRIM63 in skeletal muscle quantitatively by WB (Figure 7a–d), which firstly reconfirmed our conclusion obtained above that intensified inflammation and atrophy of skeletal muscle in T2DM could be prevented by GFP.