GPT and hepatocellular carcinoma: In a 2015 prospective case–control study, Aleksandrova et al. [53] studied the potential role of inflammatory, metabolic, liver damage, and iron metabolism mediators on the inverse association between HCC risk and coffee consumption, as suggested by the reduction in IL-6 levels, a biomarker of inflammation and innate immunity, together with reduced hepatocellular and cholestatic damage biomarkers, i.e., GLDH (glutamate dehydrogenase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), GGT (γ-glutamyl transferase), and bilirubin.