PGAM5 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Furthermore, S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) promotes binding between ubiquitin-specific peptidase 10 (USP10) and PGAM5, leading to the deubiquitylation and stabilization of PGAM5, which increases mitochondrial ROS levels by promoting mitochondrial fission and inducing the growth and metastasis of HCC [216].