LHPP and renal carcinoma: LHPP mRNA and protein expression are down-regulated in most cancer tissues, such as bladder urothelial carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, paraganglioma, prostate adenocarcinoma, stomach adenocarcinoma [180], and renal cancer [197] and is associated with a poor prognosis.