TNF and Insulin resistance: Age-related insulin resistance, fasting glucose, hypernefemia and senescence-associated β-galactosidase, expression of p16 and p21 gene and P16 protein, pro-inflammatory SASP genes (mcp1, tnf-α, il-1α, il-1β, il-6, cxcl2, and cxcl10), CLS, and abundance of T cells and macrophages in VAT were also significantly improved in aging male C57BL/6 mice by D + Q treatment [338].