TNF and COVID-19: In patients with non-malignant conditions, such as COVID-19, some mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to reduce the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins such as interleukin 6 and 8 (IL-6 and IL-8), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and D-dimers, while imaging examinations have shown accelerated regeneration of parenchymal organs [10,11,12].