Another potentially life-threatening complication of different infections and rheumatologic disorders affecting the skin, which originates from a massive hyper-cytokinemia, particularly IL-1, IL-6, IL-18, IFN-γ and TNF-α, is macrophage activation syndrome: many studies are in progress with the aim of monitoring the disease severity using blood cytokine signatures and improving anti-cytokine treatment of this condition [103]. Here, TNF is linked to infection.