TNFR-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) is the most common autosomal-dominant autoinflammatory disease, caused by mutations in the TNFRSF1A gene, characterized by recurrent attacks of fever and variable inflammatory phenotypes, also involving the skin: the identification of TNFRSF1A mutations as the genetic cause of TRAPS coincided with the wider use of biological agents in medicine and raised the possibility that blocking TNF could potentially represent the primary therapeutic goal in TRAPS patients [100]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is TNF receptor 1-associated periodic fever syndrome.