TNF and discoid lupus erythematosus: Furthermore, thalidomide, due to its anti-inflammatory properties, may work in the treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), a subtype of CLE, inhibiting the synthesis of TNF-α [52] and leading to reduction not only of TNF-α, essential for the activation of macrophages, T and B cells, but also of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17 or inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ, subsequently decreasing the recruitment of immune cells to the site of injury [53].