Significant clinical success was achieved with anti-CD19 CAR-Ts, first used in 2009 by Steven Rosenberg at the NCI in a patient with refractory follicular lymphoma (FL), and later in 2011 by Carl June and David Porter from the University of Pennsylvania in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). This evidence concerns the gene CD19 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.