For these reasons, the aim of this study was to evaluate the responses of insulin, glucagon and amino acid profiles in plasma and the relative expression of circulating miRNAs miR-27a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-122-5p, and miR-222-3p in adults with obesity and IR after acute experimental stimulation with animal-source protein (calcium caseinate) or plant-source protein (soy protein isolate) consumption. Here, INS is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.