INS and diabetes mellitus: It was observed that unlike the use of probiotic BGCG11 strain after the onset of diabetes, continuous application of the probiotic leads to a statistically significantly increased abundance of genera Marvinbryantia, Bifidobacterium, and Turicibacter, as well as species Lactobacillus murinus and Bifidobacterium animalis, taxa associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity, and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA).