ERN1 and Parkinson disease: The pharmacological inhibition of PERK/CHOP and IRE1/JNK signaling in the mentioned model was achieved using the specific inhibitors, namely AMG44 and JNK V. Thorough understanding of the effects of each individual UPR signaling pathway on the molecular pathogenesis of PD can bring us closer to the development of new targeted therapies against this incurable disease.