CCN2 and glomerulosclerosis: The treatment of human renal mesangial cells under conditions of high glucose with nontoxic ILTG (≥10 μM) inhibited glomerulosclerosis/mesangial fibrosis and mesangial cell proliferation by reducing type IV collagen production and the expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) and cellular connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) through repressing the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) signaling pathway [29].