INS and Parkinson disease: Accordingly, these findings about the GLP-1 agonist further support the evidence of intranasal insulin neuroprotection in ischemic neurodegeneration [19,20,36], together with the clinical trials in Parkinson’s disease (NCT04251585,accessed on 4 February 2020; NCT05266417,accessed on 7 February 2022), that produced positive outcomes for both motor and cognitive impairment [37].