Notably, the same authors described the molecular pathways that have to be modulated for counteracting the detrimental effects of T2DM, focusing on oxidative stress, ROS-dependent DNA damage, and the senescence of pancreatic cells, but the markers (such as GLP-1 and GLUT4) and the enzymes (such as DPPIV and caspase 1) involved in the development of insulin resistance mechanisms should also be considered. This evidence concerns the gene GCG and type 2 diabetes mellitus.