GCG and Insulin resistance: Notably, the same authors described the molecular pathways that have to be modulated for counteracting the detrimental effects of T2DM, focusing on oxidative stress, ROS-dependent DNA damage, and the senescence of pancreatic cells, but the markers (such as GLP-1 and GLUT4) and the enzymes (such as DPPIV and caspase 1) involved in the development of insulin resistance mechanisms should also be considered.