In addition, Arunmanee et al. observed that the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) and the caspase-8 inhibitor cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) was significantly decreased, while the expression of Bax was considerably upregulated after colicin N was applied to cancer cells [8]. The gene discussed is CFLAR; the disease is cancer.