APP and Alzheimer disease: Demonstrating the efficacy of SCF and G-CSF to treat AD neuropathology in pre-clinical studies, our lab has observed that the systemic treatment of combined SCF and G-CSF (SCF+G-CSF) leads to long-lasting reductions in Aβ plaques in the hippocampus and cortex of middle-aged [71] and aged [22] APP/PS1 mice, a commonly used mouse model of Aβ pathology in AD research.