Moreover, the predictive value of NPM1 was analyzed in the German–Austrian Acute Myeloid Leukemia Study Group (AMLSG) 09-09 phase III study, which compared patients with NPM1-mutated AML receiving two courses of induction therapy consisting of idarubicin, etoposide and all-trans-retinoic acid with or without GO, respectively. Here, NPM1 is linked to myeloid leukemia.