In addition, Western blotting analysis of proteins related to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) that are involved in cell migration abilities showed increased expression of the epithelial marker zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and decreased expressions of mesenchymal markers including vimentin and slug in both CCA cell lines (Figure 5C,D). Here, SNAI2 is linked to cholangiocarcinoma.