On the other hand, an organic cation transporter 2 inhibitor, cimetidine, that blocks CIS transport to the kidneys, carvedilol, which inhibits oxidative stress, cilastatin, which blocks the apoptotic pathway, rosiglitazone, which reduces inflammation, and amifostine, which exerts cytoprotective effects, have been applied to reduce the nephrotoxicity of CIS [18,77,78,79,80,81]. Here, SLC22A2 is linked to in situ carcinoma.