The importance of follow-up is undeniable, both for inactive patients who are at risk of disease progression to cirrhosis (7.8% over 25 years), hepatocellular carcinoma (2.2%), or chronic hepatitis with negative HBe antigen (15–24%), as well as reactivation of HBe antigen (1–4%), and also for patients who have developed anti-HBs antibodies, given that reactivation of the disease can occur in certain cases, sometimes with fulminant progression [8]. The gene discussed is HBE1; the disease is chronic hepatitis.