The good results obtained with VEGF gene therapy and the implantation of mononuclear cells obtained from the patient’s own bone marrow in the treatment of chronic lower extremity ischemia caused by atherosclerosis and diabetes, when surgical revascularization treatment is not possible, encouraged us to use this therapy in patients with TAO [16,17,18,23,26,27]. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is atherosclerosis.