Other aging-associated changes over the 7.4 years, such as the significant increase in participants with T2D at the follow-up, may have further affected the cross-sectional relationship between Lp(a) and lung function, as it has been hypothesized that increased insulin levels, in the context of insulin resistance, reduce Lp(a) synthesis [82,83,84]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.