However, the relationship between ROS and ERK pathways, ferroptosis, and aging caused by lipotoxicity, including other intracellular signaling pathways and related molecules, is very complicated, and they can connect with each other and crosstalk; determining whether the anti-aging effects of CAN on vascular cells specifically depend on the ROS/ERK pathway or ferroptosis process requires further research. Here, MAPK1 is linked to Crouzon syndrome-acanthosis nigricans syndrome.