PRKAA1 and rheumatoid arthritis: Curcumin can also modulate various cellular signaling pathways implicated in RA pathogenesis, including 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 (AMPK)-MAPK, protein kinase C (PKC) [39], phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase-AKT serine/threonine kinase (PI3K-AKT) [33], and JAK-STAT signaling [40].