TNF and neoplasm: Gene expression for IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, CCL8, CXCL8, and TNF-α was significantly higher in the second-generation group, and a higher secretion of IL-6, IL-12, IL-23 and TNF-α was confirmed in the supernatant after 24 h of tumor cell co-cultivation in vitro [163].