Variables were initially included in all the models and then removed using a backward Wald method: age, male sex, MILS, high PPT-ALT on POD 1 (ALT > 336 IU/L), benign disease, cholangiocarcinoma, HCC, metastases, major resection, multiple resections, duration of surgery, blood transfusions, pedicle clamping and clamping time ≥ 120 min. This evidence concerns the gene GPT and cholangiocarcinoma.