SERPINB3 and cholangiocarcinoma: Experiments on cultured cells showed that SerpinB3 expression was markedly upregulated in the subset of stem-like cells of CCA that formed 3D spheres, with this subset of cells being able to activate macrophages towards a tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) phenotype, thus inducing a higher tumorigenic potential and stemness features [94,95].