MDM2 and inflammation: In summary, we can preliminarily conclude the following: Asthma-induced hypoxia responses can upregulate HIF-1α, which, through regulating MDM2, promotes P53 ubiquitination, further enhancing the viability, proliferation, migration, and inflammatory responses of ASMCs and inhibiting apoptosis, thereby exacerbating asthma-induced airway inflammation and inducing airway remodeling (Fig. 7).