CCL5 and COVID-19: Notably, increased levels of IL-9 (p = 0.0305), IP-10 (p = 0.0069), MCP-1 (p = 0.0275) and RANTES (p = 0.0370) were observed in COVID-19 patients compared to SARS-CoV-2 negative subjects (Fig. 1A, B, C and D, respectively).