Moreover, our study firstly found that D. vulgaris and A. muciniphila could be co-cultured in the same system in vitro, and D. vulgaris stimulated the growth of A. muciniphila through its metabolic byproduct-H2S in vivo. This study revealed the important role of SRB during the process of IBD. This evidence concerns the gene CCT4 and irritable bowel syndrome.