In this study, engineered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) expressing tumor necrosis factor-TRAIL effectively homed to and induced apoptosis in various cancer cell types, leading to significant reduction in tumor growth in xenograft experiments and clearance of lung metastases in a pulmonary metastasis model, highlighting the potential of TRAIL-expressing MSCs as a promising therapeutic strategy for both primary tumors and metastatic disease [85]. The gene discussed is TNFSF10; the disease is neoplasm.