ESR1 and varicocele: Procedures and treatments where the highest proportion of physicians rated their knowledge as less than advanced or expert were: microsurgical reconstruction of the male genital tract (61%, 133/218), transurethral resection of ejaculatory ducts (58%, 126/217), techniques for varicocele repair (48%, 105/219), and empirical medical treatment with selective estrogen receptor modulators, antioxidants and gonadotropin for males (47%, 102/219).