Treatment of SCN patients with G-CSF improves peripheral neutrophil counts and reduces the risk of infection.[25] However, long-term use of recombinant G-CSF significantly increases the risk of transformation of CN patients to secondary myelodysplastic dyndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML).[26] Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) transplantation to treat many blood disease, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome and bone marrow proliferative tumors is a major indication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell tumor. Here, CSF3 is linked to infection.