ESR1 and Langerhans cell histiocytosis: Two diagnostic criteria, the Jansson criteria and the Bristol criteria (Table 2), have been proposed.[12,24] Several other conditions can present similar clinical and imaging features as CRMO, especially infectious osteomyelitis and Langerhans cell histiocytosis, while they displayed typical symptoms.[25] For example, infectious osteomyelitis typically involves systemic symptoms, elevated ESR and CRP, and positive blood and bone cultures.