In the brain’s tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) were found to exist in two sub-clusters: monocyte-driven macrophages (MDM) (identified by EMP3, ACP5, and LYZ markers) and microglia (MG) (characterized by CX3CR1, TMEM119, and P2RY12, markers) (depicted in Fig 3B) (S2A and S2B Fig) Among these sub-clusters, sub-clusters 2, 3, and 4 were dominated by MG and exhibited higher prevalence in GM. This evidence concerns the gene TMEM119 and neoplasm.