The miR-194-5p and miR-340-5p levels were related to a downregulation of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β cytokine levels in mice nucleus pulposus cells and RA-fibroblast-like synoviocytes induced with lipopolysaccharides (Kong et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2020) while miR-9-5p plasma levels of RA patients showed no correlation with IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels (Wang et al., 2015b). Here, TNF is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.