ART4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The above PLS techniques discovered that lactate, α-glucose, taurine, creatinine, HbA1c, and phenylalanine, and to a lesser extent methanol and formate, were all significantly elevated in individuals with T2DM when compared to the ND group, whereas 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the Glyc A 1H NMR glycoprotein signal were downregulated in individuals with this disease.