They reported that the area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curve for each methylation level of the significant CpG sites ranged from 0.593 to 0.650, and after adjusting for confounding factors, four CpGs (HAPLN3, RDH12, DNAJB6, NFATC4) sites showed independent effects on GDM. The gene discussed is RDH12; the disease is gestational diabetes.